Pii: S1388-2457(99)00072-3

Objectives: After electrical stimulation of the esophagus cerebral responses are recordable, their cortical source is under discussion. Brain mapping using electroencephalography recordings demonstrated partially controversial results. Sources of evoked responses can be localized more easily using magnetoencephalography than electroencephalography. Methods: We examined 22 volunteers by recording electrical somatosensory potentials after electrical stimulation of the esophagus. In 9 of these 22 subjects additional recording of magnetic ®elds was performed and the sources of the evoked magnetic ®elds were computed. Results: The evoked potentials after electrical stimulation of the esophagus had a similar latency as the previously published data. The source localization done by magnetoencephalography suggest that ®rst a region of the postcentral gyrus is activated which is temporo-lateral to the primary somatosensory cortex of the pharynx. This region is suggested to be the primary somatosensory region of the esophagus. This source was followed by a source in the parietal operculum thought being part of the secondary somatosensory cortex. Simultaneously the insular cortex was activated pointing to a parallel neuronal pathway to the central autonomic nervous system. Conclusion: After electrical stimulation of the esophagus somatosensory cortical areas of the temporal postcentral gyrus and the operculum are activated. In parallel activation of the insular cortex as part of the central autonomic network was found. q 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.